산사: 한국 불교의 산중 공간 편집하기 (부분)

===Eng===
'''Sansa: Buddhist Mountain Monasteries in Korea'''

Nestled deep within the mountains, <i>sansa</i> (mountain monasteries) embody the essence of Korean Buddhism—its philosophy, aesthetics, and way of life. A <i>sansa</i> is more than a place of worship; it is a living monastic complex where meditation, study, and daily life harmonize with nature. Since Buddhism took root in Korea during the Three Kingdoms period, these mountain monasteries have reflected a worldview that seeks enlightenment through harmony between humans and nature. 

In 2018, seven monasteries—Tongdosa, Beopjusa, Magoksa, Buseoksa, Bongjeongsa, Seonamsa, and Daeheungsa—were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List under the title “Sansa, Buddhist Mountain Monasteries in Korea.” Founded between the 7th and 9th centuries, these sites demonstrate exceptional continuity and embody the profound historical depth of Korean Buddhism.

* Tongdosa Temple (Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do)
Founded in 646 by the monk Jajang, Tongdosa is the head temple of the Jogye Order’s 15th district. Unlike most temples, it enshrines no Buddha statue in its main hall; instead, the Buddha’s relics are housed in the ordination platform behind the hall, symbolizing the Buddha’s living presence.

* Beopjusa Temple (Boeun, Chungcheongbuk-do)
Located on Songnisan Mountain, Beopjusa was founded in 553 by the monk Uisin. It features Palsangjeon, the only surviving wooden pagoda-style building in Korea, an architectural masterpiece of Korean Buddhism. Surrounded by a national park, it is also a haven of natural biodiversity.

* Magoksa Temple (Gongju, Chungcheongnam-do)
Situated on the slopes of Taehwasan Mountain, Magoksa was founded by the monk Jajang in 621. The temple’s scenic landscape, harmonizing forest and water, is divided by the Magokcheom Stream: the northern precinct is dedicated to the Buddha and the Avatamsaka tradition, while the southern area serves as a meditation space for Seon practice.

* Buseoksa Temple (Yeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do)
Founded in 676 by the great monk Uisang, Buseoksa is the principal temple of the Avatamsaka school. Its main hall, Muryangsujeon, built in 1376, is one of Korea’s oldest wooden structures and houses a clay seated Buddha designated as a National Treasure.

* Bongjeongsa Temple (Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do)
Established by the monk Neungin in 672, Bongjeongsa reflects architectural styles spanning from the Unified Silla to the Joseon period. Its main hall, Geungnakjeon, dating to the 13th century, is among Korea’s oldest surviving wooden buildings.

* Seonamsa Temple (Suncheon, Jeollanam-do)
Founded by the monk Ado in the 6th century and reconstructed by the monk Doseon in the 9th, Seonamsa flourished as both a Seon and doctrinal center. Renowned for its Seonammae plum blossoms and the graceful Seungseongyo Bridge, the temple exemplifies the harmony between human craftsmanship and nature.

* Daeheungsa Temple (Haenam, Jeollanam-do)
Nestled on Duryunsan Mountain, Daeheungsa, the head temple of the Jogye Order’s 22nd district, dates to the late Unified Silla period. Home to renowned monks such as Seosan and Choui, it remains a spiritual center of Seon Buddhism and a symbol of monastic discipline.

Despite differences in location and era, these seven <i>sansa</i> share common traits: they are living monastic communities built in harmony with their mountainous surroundings, integrating temples, meditation halls, and monks’ quarters into the natural landscape. They are not relics of the past but vibrant spaces where Buddhist ritual, practice, and daily life continue—preserving both tangible and intangible heritage, from architecture and paintings to food traditions and meditation culture. Today, the <i>sansa</i> stand as enduring symbols of Korean Buddhism’s spiritual depth and ecological aesthetics, where humanity and nature coexist in profound balance.